Midnimooyinkii fashilmay - W.Q: Prof Cabdixakiim Yuusuf Kheyre

Xornimada, mdidnimada, gooni-isu-taaga & burburka waxay ka mid yihiin marxaladaha kala gedisan ee dawladuhu maraan. Midnimada dawladaha waxaa sababa baahida daruuriga ah ee xoojinta xukuumad midaysan oo sharciyan hanata baahida dhaqaale, siyaasadeed & nabadgelyo ee dawladuhu la kulmaan. Midnomooyinkii fashilmay waa midnimo dhexmarta dawladdo xor ah oo madaxbanaan oo ku midoobay dawlad qudha oo caalamiyan matasha danahooda himiladoodana gaadhsiisa.

Dawladaha qaarba u midooba si ay tusaale ugu noqdaan dawladaha kale ee ay isku qawmiyadda yihiin  ee gumaystayaashu kala qaybsheen sida Masar & Siiriya (1958-1961). Gambia & Senegalna waxay u midoobeen si ay u kobciyaan dhaqaalahooda (1982-1989). Taariikhiyan midnimooyinkan oo dhan way fashilmeen himilooyinkii la tiigsanayna lama gaadhin. Waayo?

Fadlan hoos ka daalaco Midnimooyinkii Fashilmay:

	Dalka	Sanadka	Dalka laga goostay	Nooca Midnimada	Sababta Midnimada	Mudada Midnimadda	Sababta Fashilka
1	Syria	1958-1961	Masar	Federation	Tusaale Carbeed	3 Sanno	Inqilaab
2	Gambia	1982-1989	Senegal	Federation	Dhaqaale	9 Sanno	Caga-jiid
3	Somaliland	1960-1991	Somalia	Unitary Republic	Xoraynta Soomaali	31 Sanno	Dagaal Sokeeya

Isku cel-celis midnimooyinka fashilmay waxay jireen (13.6 Sanno). Waxaa ugu da yar Siiriya & Masar oo sadex (3 sanno) jirtay. Gambia & Senegalna waa dhex-dhexaad (7 sanno). Waxaana ugu da weyn midnamadii Somaliland & Somalia (31 Years).  Siyaasiyan afarta dal ee kale ee midoobay labana waxaa gumaystay Ingiriis (Masar & Gambiya) labana Fransiis (Siiriya & Senegal). Laakiin taariikhdi gumaysiga waxa ka daran taariikhda dalalkani kala kulmeen midnimooyinka fashilmay.

Xaga dhaqanka & diinta Masar & Siiriyaba waa laba dal oo carbeed oo Muslim ah oo waliba Xisbi Xaakim keliye (Xisbul-bacath) ka wada talin jirey. Laakiin midnimadoodii way fashilantay! Waayo? Halka midnimadii Gambiya & Senegal fashilantay iyadoo labada dalba dhaqan & diin wadaagaan oo waliba Juqraafiyan Gambiye ku dhex taalo Senegal! Waayo? Labada dal ee Siiriya & Gambiyaba waa la muquuniyey waxayna kala kulmeen midnimadii sad-bursi, dulmi & quudhsi. Labadan dalba wixii Somaliland ku habsaday bay kala kulmeen midnimooyinkii.

Somaliland waliba waxaa u dheer xasuuqi 1988 ee arxan daraa ahaa ee lagula kacay shacabkii ku noola Burco, Hargeisa, Berbera, Gebiley & Wadhan. Dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka ka dib waxaa la mamnuucay rushaynta meelaha dadka shacabka ahi ku nool yihiin waxaana loo qeexa (proportionality) oo ah cabirka hubka lagu rido aag: macnawiyan Hargeisa waxaa lagu rusheeyey hub ka badan miisaankii nukleyirki lagu riday Hiroshima. Xasuuqa baaxadan leh reer Somaliland xaq u malaha inay saamaxaan sababtoo ah danbigani waa kabaa’ir aadamaha oo dhan loo geestay: crime against humanity. Waxaa munaasib ah in xabaalaha xasuuqi reer Somaliland caalamka loo bandhigo oo Maxkamadaha Caalamku la xisaabtamaan eedaysanayaashii dambigan fuliyey.

Aftidii Distoorka & Inqilaabkii

Sharciyan midnimada Somaliland & Somalia waxay ku fashilantay xoolkii marka lagu cabiro laba dhacdo oo sabab u ahaa fashilkii midnimadii Soomaaliya. Tusaale: June 1961 Dadka Somaliland aftidii distoorka midnimada Somalia way qaadaceen boqolkii kun ee qof ee codeeyeyna boqolkiiba kow & todobaatan (71) waxay u codeeyeen maya. Arrintani waxay ahayd qaadacaad qaranimo waxayna fashilisay  mashruuci midnimada qaranka waxayna ahayd in Somalia ka saarto Somaliland Jamhuuriyadii aynu ku midownay!

December 1961 saraakiishii Guutadii Ciidamada Iskootka waxay dhigeen inqilaab ay Somaliland kaga goynayeen Somalia. Arrintani waxay marlabaad Somaliya siisay fursad ay Somaliland kaga saaraan midnimadii Jamhuuriyadii Somalia.  

            Mashruucii midnimada Somalia wuxu lid ku ahaa axdigii midowga Afrika ee muqadisnimada xuduudaha isticmaarka waxaanu xasilooni daro ku riday jiritaanka geeska Afrika ka kib markii Somaliya qaanabtay Itoobiya, Kenya & Djibouti oo Fransiska gacanta ugu jirtay. Waana sababta axdigii Ururka Midowga Afrika loogu xardhay muqadisnimada xuduudihii isticmaarka: Madaxweyne Julius Nyererigii Tanzania baa shirkii ugu horeeyey ee Ururka Midowga Afrika ee 1963 Addis Ababa kaga dhawaaqay: midnimadii Somaliland & Somalia waa waxba kama-jiraan.

Taariikhiyan caalamku Somaliland wuu uga digay midnimadii fashilantay ee Somaliya. Tusaale: ugu yaraan 35 dawladood baa Somaliland ictiraafay shantii maalmood ee ay xorta ahayd June/26-30/1960. Dawladihii ugu hor ictiraafay Dawladii Somaliland (State of Somaliland) waxaa ka mid ahaa Itoobiya, Israel & Britain. Muxuu ictiraafkani xambaarsanaa? Nuxurka ictiraafkani wuxuu ahaa nahyi Somaliland looga digayo inay xornimadeeda u sadqayso midnimada Somaliya oo halis ku ahayd isku-dheelitirka awoodaha geeska Afrika.

Isla shantii maalmood ee Dawladii Somaliland jirtay waxay dawladii Ingriisku la gashay saddex (3) heshiis oo kala ahaa:

(1)    Mushaharka Saraakiisha Dawladda Ingrisiiksa ee ku sugnaa Somaliland.

(2)    Gunada & Mushaharkii Ciidamada Somaliland Scouts.

(3)    Guddida Saadka Sarifka Bariga Afrika: East Africa Currency Board.

Heshiiskan waxaa Somaliland u saxeexay M.I. Egal, A. Dualeh, A.G. Jama & Ibrahim Nur. Dhinaca dawladda Ingiriiska waxaa u saxeexay T.E. Bromley oo ahaa Wakiilka-Guud (Consul-General) ee Dawladda Ingriiska ee Hargeisa.

Maxaa la haboon Somaliland? Siyaasada xidhiidhka caalamku waa xal-xidhaale Somalilandna waxaa loo  tilmaamay in aan ictiraafkeena loo dhaafayn Ururka Midowga Afrika oo nuxurka jiritaankiisu yahay sugida sohdimihii isticmaarka. Kaaga darane ugu yaraan todoba & toban (17) dal oo afrikaan ah baa jabhado gooni isu-taag la hirdamayaan (Kongo, Mali, Uganda, Angola).          Laakiin arrinta Somaliland ma aha gooni-isu-taage; waa dib ula soo noqosho xornimo & xuduudo sugan. Siyaasiyan waa in Somaliland xustaa in ay u hogaansamayso axdiga muqadasnimada sohdimihii isticmaarka. Digniin: dawladaha Afrika ma jecla jamhuuriyadaha doctuura sharciyada jiritaanka sohdimaha isticmaarka.  

Sharciyana Somaliland waxaa la haboon in ay Maxkamadda Caalamka (ICJ) garteeda hor gayso oo codsato fikir garsoor (Judicial Opinion) oo faaqida in dib ula soo noqoshada madaxbanaanida Somaliland ka hor imanayn axdigii Midowga Afrika ee muqadasnimada xuduudihii Isticmaarka. Go’aankii Kosovo ee Maxkamada Caalamka (ICJ) Madaxbanaanida Kosovo waxaa u codeeyey sagaal garsoore(9/15)  halka afar garsoore oo laba Afrikaan yihiin diideen. Waliba labada Afrikaanka ah midbaa ah garsoore Somali ah, Dr. Abdulqawi Axmed Yusuf, oo caalamiyan mutaystay inuu xubin ka noqdo shan & tobanka garsoore ee Maxkamada Caalamka.

Maxkamada caalamka ka hor waxaa munaasib ah in Somaliland kibir-jebiso Somalia oo ictiraaf ka raadiso dalalka haysta Ictiraafka Kooban; sida Kosovo, Jamhuuriyada Dimoqradiga ee Sahrawi & Taiwan. Dalalka Ictiraafka Xaraasha; sida Nauru oo ah dalka caalamka ugu dadka yar, Palau & Vanuatu oo dhamaan ictiraafay dalalka Abkhazia & South Ossetia, ka dib markii dalka Ruushku dalalkan u fidiyey taageero dhaqaale! Ama dawladaha u hiiliya dalalka dulman; sida Venezuela & Nicaragua oo labaduba ictiraafeen Abkhazia & South Ossetia & Tanzania & Haiti oo labaduba ictiraafeen Biafra  oo ka goosatay Nigeria (1967-70).

Dalka Israelna wuxu muddo dheer raadinayey inuu xidhiidh la sameeyo Jamhuuriyada Somaliland. Tolow maxaa inaga hortaagan inaynu dalkan tobanka dal ee carbeed xidhiidhka la leeyihiin; xidhiidh la samayno?

Fadlan hoos ka daalaco dalalkan:

Dawladaha haysta Ictiraafka Kooban	Dawladaha Ictiraafka Xaraasha	Dawladaha U hiiliya Dalalka Dulman
Kosovo	Nauru	Israel
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Palau	Venezuela
Taiwan	Tuvalu	Nicaragua
South Ossetia	Vanuatu	Tanzania
Abkhazia	Gambia	Haiti

Akhriste diblomaasiyadu waa is waafajinta danaha joogtada ah ee dalka & duruufaha caalamiga ah. Fikriyan sababta Somaliland kow & labaatan sanno bilaa ictiraaf u tahay waa dantii ma garte. Dadka reer Somaliland waxay aaminsan-yihiin fikiro  lid ku ah danahooda & u hogaansanaanta habsami u socodka xidhiidhka caalamka. Macnawiyan caalamka dawladuhu way is xulafaystaan koox-kooxbaana loo hirdamaa. Tusaale: December 2006 markii dawlada Itoobiya oo taageero caalami ah lagu galbiyey weerartay Midowgii Maxaakiimta dhamaan axsaabta mucaaridka ee Somaliland way canbaareeyeen dawlada Itoobiya. Itoobiya waa saaxiibkeen; saaxiibaduna suuqa iskuma maagaan. Aakhriste fadlan ii markhaati fur; hadii Itoobiya weerari lahayd Somaliland maxay reer Somalia odhan lahaayeen: Qaldaanka Qaldan.

Tusaale labaad June 2009 markii dawladda Eritrea weerartay dalka Djibouti Itoobiya maxay samaysay: way isku daawatay: inagu maxaynu samaynay? Xoolo baynu ugu gar-gaarnay Djibouti!!! Waayo: Bal marka hore aynu fahano waxa laysku hayey. Eritrea & Djibouti maxay isku hayeen: Ururkii Isbahaysiga Asmara ee Eritree yab-yabtay bay Djibouti fur-furtay. Waayo: Djibouti & Eritrea waa dhashii Somalia waxayna ku loolamayeen sidii ay u soo miiraabin lahaayeen waalidkood (Somalia) oo ka difaacda Itoobiya. Eritrea & Djibouti waxay dani ugu jirtaa Somalia oo midaysan; oo hubaysan oo dagaal joogto ah kula jirta Itoobiya & Somaliland. Garaadka reer Somaliland waxaa lagu cabiraa arigtooda Djibouti: Dalka Jabuuti ma cadowgeena mise waa saaxiibkeen? Jabuuti waa cadowgeen (Somalia) saaxiibkii; waana saaxiibkeen (Ethiopia) cadowgii. Macnawiyan waa cadaw laba jibaaran. Xidhiidhka dawladuhu kuma salaysna walaaltinimo iyo ehelo; wuxuu ku salaysan yahay dano iyo xulafo. Hadii walaatinimo wax ka tarto xidhiidhka caalamka dalalka carbeed baa isu-tudhi lahaa; ama labada Kooriya baa isla saayiri lahaa.

Mucaqadnimadani waxay ku salaysan tahay nolosha reer guuraaga. Maanta reer Somaliland waxaa la haboon in laba la kala doorto;  fariid dantii ma garte ah; mise, doqon dantii yaqaan ah. Waxay gaadhay wakhtigii marxaladan caadifiga ah laga gudbi lahaa danteenana  aynu garan lahayn. Fadlan si taxadir ku jiro isugu dheeli tir jawaabaha hoos ku xusan.

Tijaabi Garaadkaaga:

(1) Ururka Jaamacada Carabta & Ururka Dalalka Barwaaqo Sooranka: Midkee baa ku haboon in Jamhuuriyada Somaliland xubin ka noqoto? __________

(2) Dalalka Jabuuti & Itoobiya: Dalkee baa ah Saaxiibka dhabta ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland? Jabuuti____________Itoobiya____________

(3) Waxaa haboon in Afka Amxaariga lagu daro manhajka waxbarashada laguna barto dugsiyada dawladda Somaliland: (Haa)________ (Maya)_____

(4) Waxaa munaasib ah in Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland cilaaqaad diblomaasiyadeed la yeelato dalka Israel: (Haa) _____ (Maya) ______

(5) Dalalka Shiinaha & Taywan: Midkee baa inoo wax tar roon?

Shiinaha ______ Taywan ______

(6) Waxaa haboon in Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland isticmaalka dakadaheeda ku caawiso dalka Koonfurta Sudan: (Haa)________ (Maya) _________

(7) Waxaa haboon in xabaalihii xasuuqa dadka reer Somaliland 1988-91 caalamka loo bandhigo: (Haa)_______________(Maya)__________

(8) Xuduudaha Isticmaarka ee Afrika waa muqadis: Waa in Somaliland Maxkamada Caalamka ka codsataa fikir garsoor (Judicial Opinion) oo qiimaynaya gooni isutaaga 1991 ee Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland in aanu lid ku ahayn mawqifka Ururka Midowga Afrika: (Haa) _________ (Maya)____

(9) Sheeg magaca sarkaalka diblomaasiyeed ee u dhigma Ambassador ee dawladaha Ururka Barwaaqo Sooranku isku diraan________________

 By: Abdihakim Yusuf Kheire, B.A., M.A (Political Science) President, IDG, Berbera

abdihakim_365@hotmail.com